Fig. 3: Transition metal treatment leads to changes in the bioenergetics and metabolome of M. abscessus.

a Kinetic quantification of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR, left) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, right) in the presence of metal ions (coloured) compared with the untreated controls (grey). Each panel is representative of three independent biological replicates. Statistical significance was measured by unpaired t tests as p < 0.01. b NAD⁺/NADH ratios of transition metal-treated bacteria. The ratios are normalised to the untreated group. Data are averaged from three biological replicates with individual results shown as dots on each bar, and the statistical significance of p < 0.01 was measured by one-way ANOVA. c Schematic graph of the TCA cycle with key metabolites and enzymes involved. Involvement of the NAD⁺/NADH conversion is shown by red arrows. ¹³C incorporation was measured for metabolites in the pathway. Each panel shows results obtained for three independent biological replicates. Statistical significance was measured by one-way ANOVA with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns: not significant.