Fig. 1: Regulatory pathways of RND efflux pump operons in A. baumannii. | npj Antimicrobials and Resistance

Fig. 1: Regulatory pathways of RND efflux pump operons in A. baumannii.

From: Targeting Acinetobacter baumannii resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump transcriptional regulators to combat antimicrobial resistance

Fig. 1

A adeIJK, B adeFGH, and C adeAB(C) pump encoding operons. AdeFGH efflux pumps in A. baumannii. Solid arrows represent activation of expression, while blunt-ended arrows indicate repression of transcription. Dashed lines denote mechanisms of activation or repression that are not yet fully understood. The effectors for upregulation and downregulation of efflux pump operons are listed in boxes, with green and red arrows indicating upregulation and downregulation, respectively. For example, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and (p)ppGpp upregulate the expression of AdeIJK, whereas pleural fluid (PF) and human serum albumin (HSA) downregulate it. Additionally, the figure highlights five druggable targets (I, II, III, IV, and V) of two-component systems that could potentially modulate efflux gene expression. Created in BioRender. Kumar, A. (2024) https://BioRender.com/z94p008.

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