Fig. 4: Viability evaluation of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa biofilms in simulated infection conditions representative of joint infection, UTI, chronic wound/cystic fibrosis, respectively. | npj Antimicrobials and Resistance

Fig. 4: Viability evaluation of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa biofilms in simulated infection conditions representative of joint infection, UTI, chronic wound/cystic fibrosis, respectively.

From: Repurposing antimicrobials with ultrasound-triggered nanoscale systems for targeted biofilm drug delivery

Fig. 4

Treatments included PBS, drug only (besifloxacin), focused ultrasound only (FUS), or besifloxacin-loaded nanodroplets with FUS (ND/FUS) flowed through the biofilm at sub-MBC concentrations. For each treatment, both the fraction of cells dislodged from the biofilm during treatment under flow (dispersed fraction; first bar) and residual biofilm cells (remaining fraction; second bar) were harvested and analyzed using flow cytometry. Charts display the proportion of metabolically viable cells (purple), dead cells (pink), and dormant persister cells (black dot) of all recorded event as stacked bars such that both the stacked bars in the first and second fraction sum to 100%, to represent the total cell percentage. Each section of the figure corresponds to a specific infection model as differentiated by dotted lines: Joint—S. aureus; UTI—E. coli; Chronic wound—P. aeruginosa; Cystic fibrosis—P. aeruginosa. All results shown represent three biological replicates.

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