Fig. 2: Awareness of environmental conditions and social dynamics among farmers in Lamongan (L) and Malang (M). | npj Sustainable Agriculture

Fig. 2: Awareness of environmental conditions and social dynamics among farmers in Lamongan (L) and Malang (M).

From: Understanding smallholder farmers’ perceptions of agroecology

Fig. 2

The radar charts display the median Likert scale scores (1–5) for each statement, with the parentheses indicating significant spatial differences (p < 0.05) within a site (S=significant, NS=nonsignificant). The left side represents “Ecoconscious” farmers (a, b, c), while the right side shows “Econeutral/skeptic” farmers (d, e). The green shading marks the agreement zone, while red shading represents disagreement (Likert scale scores of 1 and 2). The red and blue lines indicate responses from Lamongan and Malang, respectively.

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