Table 1 Participant demographics, and sleep and vigilance scores for each age group in Experiment 1

From: Children exhibit a developmental advantage in the offline processing of a learned motor sequence

Variable

Children

Adolescents

Young adults

Older adults

p-value

n

33

33

32

32

/

Female (n)

17

12

23

24

0.004*

Age (years)

10.2 (1.6)

15.3 (1.3)

26.3 (5.0)

64.4 (5.2)

/

M/E Preference

2.9 (0.9)

3.3 (0.8)

2.9 (1.0)

2.3 (0.8)

<0.001*

Time of testing (SD in min)

12:47 (172)

12:29 (133)

14:52 (175)

12:05 (169)

<0.001*

Sleep quality

5.1 (0.8)

5.0 (0.7)

4.8 (0.6)

4.8 (0.8)

0.12

Sleep duration (hours)

9.8 (0.9)

9.1 (1.4)

8.5 (1.0)

7.7 (1.1)

<0.001*

SSS score

2.0 (0.9)

2.0 (0.8)

2.0 (0.7)

1.5 (0.7)

0.031*

  1. Numbers represent the mean, with standard deviation in parentheses. Gender was determined by asking what gender the participant identified with the most. No participant reported to be non-binary. Morningness/Eveningness (M/E) Preference was added as an exploratory variable to assess age-related differences in circadian preferences and was defined on a 5-point Likert scale (i.e., 1 = extreme morning person, 5 = extreme evening person). The average time of testing is specified in 24-h time notation, with the SD in minutes. Sleep quality is defined on a 6-point Likert scale (i.e., 1 = very bad, 6 = very good). SSS = Stanford Sleepiness Scale33, with higher numbers indicative of increased sleepiness. The p-values resulted from one-way ANOVAs assessing group differences. See Supplementary Table 1 for full statistical information.
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