Fig. 2: Anticipatory gaze effect.
a Gaze Proximity Measurement: participant’s gaze trajectory while watching a movie clip. The Euclidean distance to the location of the surprising event center point is calculated at each time point in Degrees of Visual Angle (DVA). The QR code leads to an animated illustration of the methodology (for example, a movie with superimposed eye movements and gaze distance measures). b Temporal Gaze Distance of a single participant during first (blue) and second (green) viewings of a clip. The SE’s onset is marked by an orange frame, serving as a temporal marker for gaze behavior. c Gaze distance (GAD) comparison within participants of Experiment 1 across two viewings (N = 34). The gaze average distance is calculated relative to the event center prior to its appearance on the screen and averaged across movies. GAD significantly decreases during the second viewing compared to the first viewing indicating memory for the event’s location. Black horizontal line: group average, colored area: density estimate of GAD distribution, dots: individual participant average, line connects 1st and 2nd viewing of the same participant. d Averaged gaze temporal dynamics: An aggregate view of gaze distance from the event across all participants and movies, time-locked to the event onset. The distances as a function of time for the first (blue) and second (green) viewings show the participants’ anticipation of the event based on their prior viewing experience. Participants were surprised and looked at the surprising event immediately after its appearance, which can be seen in the steep slope after the event onset (orange line). ***p < 0.0001
