Table 3 Linear mixed model analyses (2×3) assessing changes in menstrual symptoms by treatment group over time

From: A survey-based, quasi-experimental study assessing a high-cannabidiol suppository for menstrual-related pain and discomfort

  

CBD

TAU

Omnibus statistical comparison

 

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Numeric rating scale (NRS) for menstrual paina

 Average pain

Baseline

6.31 ± 1.82

6.11 ± 1.89

Main Effect Group: F = 0.003, p = 0.956, ηp2 < 0.001

1 Month

5.66 ± 1.64

5.78 ± 1.85

Main Effect Time: F = 11.684, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.051

2 Months

5.36 ± 2.23

5.74 ± 1.75

Group*Time Interaction: F = 1.110, p = 0.331, ηp2 = 0.005

 Worst pain

Baseline

8.10 ± 1.31+

7.74 ± 1.57+

Main Effect Group: F = 0.411, p = 0.522, ηp2 = 0.001

1 Month

7.47 ± 1.41

7.38 ± 1.79

Main Effect Time: F = 15.187, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.063

2 Months

6.89 ± 2.08

7.19 ± 1.94

Group*Time Interaction: F = 1.127, p = 0.325, ηp2 = 0.005

Verbal multidimensional scoring (VMS) system assessment of dysmenorrheab

 Effect on work

Baseline

2.22 ± 0.62**

1.97 ± 0.74**

Main Effect Group: F = 0.453, p = 0.501, ηp2 < 0.001

1 Month

1.88 ± 0.84

1.88 ± 0.80

Main Effect Time: F = 18.550, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.064

2 Months

1.61 ± 0.92+

1.89 ± 0.76+

Group*Time Interaction: F = 4.265, p = 0.015, ηp2 = 0.026

 Required analgesics

Baseline

2.45 ± 0.70

2.31 ± 0.82

Main Effect Group: F = 0.047, p = 0.829, ηp2 = 0.001

1 Month

2.03 ± 0.95

2.16 ± 0.89

Main Effect Time: F = 31.696, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.079

2 Months

1.86 ± 0.96+

2.16 ± 0.87+

Group*Time Interaction: F = 6.231, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.019

 Experienced systemic symptoms

Baseline

2.19 ± 0.78+

2.02 ± 0.69+

Main Effect Group: F = 0.001, p = 0.974, ηp2 < 0.001

1 Month

1.83 ± 0.77

1.93 ± 0.77

Main Effect Time: F = 12.486, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.055

2 Months

1.82 ± 0.76

1.91 ± 0.75

Group*Time Interaction: F = 4.084, p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.019

Retrospective symptom scale (RSS) of dysmenorrheac

 Frequency

Baseline

41.87 ± 13.76*

37.32 ± 13.55*

Main Effect Group: F = 0.784, p = 0.377, ηp2 = 0.003

1 Month

37.59 ± 15.87

38.21 ± 13.85

Main Effect Time: F = 8.206, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.039

2 Months

36.36 ± 15.26

35.65 ± 14.23

Group*Time Interaction: F = 7.163, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.035

 Severity

Baseline

30.84 ± 11.61*

27.29 ± 12.08*

Main Effect Group: F = 0.001, p = 0.977, ηp2 < 0.001

1 Month

25.91 ± 12.32

27.48 ± 12.71

Main Effect Time: F = 13.709, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.065

2 Months

23.77 ± 12.24

26.36 ± 12.44

Group*Time Interaction: F = 10.805, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.052

# Hours spent in bed

Baseline

11.90 ± 9.84*

9.39 ± 9.59*

Main Effect Group: F = 0.424, p = 0.516, ηp2 = 0.001

1 Month

9.07 ± 7.44

9.28 ± 9.46

Main Effect Time: F = 6.254, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.030

2 Months

8.27 ± 9.93

8.53 ± 8.06

Group*Time Interaction: F = 4.333, p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.021

 # Analgesic pills

Baseline

14.06 ± 17.07*

10.17 ± 11.60*

Main Effect Group: F = 0.168, p = 0.682, ηp2 = 0.001

1 Month

8.42 ± 13.34

9.30 ± 10.30

Main Effect Time: F = 20.302, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.094

2 Months

7.86 ± 11.29

8.59 ± 9.99

Group*Time Interaction: F = 10.461, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.051

Menstrual symptom questionnaire (MSQ)d

 Spasmodic symptoms

Baseline

44.79 ± 6.89+

43.25 ± 6.26+

Main Effect Group: F = 0.049, p = 0.825, ηp2 < 0.001

1 Month

41.74 ± 7.14

41.91 ± 7.26

Main Effect Time: F = 25.945, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.109

2 Months

39.84 ± 8.13

41.78 ± 7.45

Group*Time Interaction: F = 2.987, p = 0.052, ηp2 = 0.014

 Congestive symptoms

Baseline

39.61 ± 5.99+

38.12 ± 6.77+

Main Effect Group: F = 0.041, p = 0.840, ηp2 < 0.001

1 Month

36.67 ± 7.82

37.08 ± 7.16

Main Effect Time: F = 21.968, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.094

2 Months

34.45 ± 7.95

36.51 ± 7.70

Group*Time Interaction: F = 5.076, p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.023

  1. Bold numbers are significant at p ≤ 0.050; italicized numbers are trending towards significance at p ≤ 0.100.
  2. Individual timepoint between-group ANOVAs: significant differences are noted with * for p ≤ 0.050 & trends with + for p ≤ 0.100.
  3. CBD cannabidiol, TAU treatment-as-usual.
  4. aCBD: Baseline n = 77, Follow-Up 1 n = 73, Follow-Up 2 n = 44; TAU: Baseline n = 230, Follow-Up 1 n = 213, Follow-Up 2 n = 90.
  5. bCBD: Baseline n = 77, Follow-Up 1 n = 72, Follow-Up 2 n = 44; TAU: Baseline n = 230, Follow-Up 1 n = 201, Follow-Up 2 n = 85.
  6. cCBD: Baseline n = 77, Follow-Up 1 n = 69, Follow-Up 2 n = 44; TAU: Baseline n = 230, Follow-Up 1 n = 185, Follow-Up 2 n = 83.
  7. dCBD: Baseline n = 77, Follow-Up 1 n = 72, Follow-Up 2 n = 44; TAU: Baseline n = 230, Follow-Up 1 n = 202, Follow-Up 2 n = 85.
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