Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the biomass catalytic graphitization route.
From: Sustainable co-production of porous graphitic carbon and synthesis gas from biomass resources
In comparison with the single-step process, the two-step process includes an intermediate carbonization step at ~ 400–600 °C to produce carbon-rich biochar prior to activation or graphitization. In a two-step process, biomass first undergoes carbonization to produce a carbon-rich biochar, which is further heated in the presence of a catalyst. A single-step process involves directly mixing the biomass with a catalyst and heating to the desired reaction temperature.
