Table 1 Synthetic methods for producing dual-active-center catalysts in EF, photo-, PMS-, and PED- based Fenton-like systems
From: Site-designed dual-active-center catalysts for co-catalysis in advanced oxidation processes
| Â | Â | EF | Photo-Fenton/Photo Fenton-like | PMS Fenton-like | PED Fenton-like | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Co-catalysis design | Â | Synthetic approach | Example | Synthetic approach | Example | Synthetic approach | Example | Synthetic approach | Example |
Metal Single Atom Catalysts + Nonmetal |
| Impregnation and pyrolysis | C3-Fe-Cl2 on N-doped carbon13 | Impregnation and pyrolysis | Fe + Ov on TiO256 | Pre-coordination and pyrolysis | Co + pyrrolic N on N-doped carbon43 | Impregnation and pyrolysis | nZVI/FeOx/FeNy-anchored aromatic C(Ï€) framework composites46 |
Metal Single Atom Catalysts + Metal Cluster |
| Impregnation and pyrolysis | Fe clusters + Fe SACs58 | Â | Â | Impregnation and pyrolysis | Fe clusters + Fe SACs45 | Â | Â |
Metal Single Atom Catalysts + Metal Single Atom Catalysts |
| Impregnation and pyrolysis | Impregnation and pyrolysis | Ag + Co on N-doped carbon61 | Impregnation and pyrolysis | Co + Fe on N-doped carbon42 | Â | Â | |
| Â | Â | Precoordination and pyrolysis | Co + Fe on N-doped carbon60 | Â | Â | Anchoring and pyrolysis | Fe + Fe on N-doped carbon25 | Â | Â |
Metal Cluster + Metal Cluster |
| Impregnation and pyrolysis | Fe3C + FeN clusters62 | ball-milling treatment | MgFe2O4 + Mil-88A clusters50 | ball-milling treatment and pyrolysis | Fe3C + FeN clusters51 |  |  |
| Â | Â | Â | Mo + Fe clusters63 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Shell or Nonmetal + Metal/Metal Cluster |
| Copolymerization and pyrolysis | Carbon shell + FeCo alloy52 | Impregnation and pyrolysis | FePc shell + ZnO clusters64 | Impregnation and pyrolysis | Co-N-C shell + CoO clusters65 | Pyrolysis and hydrothermal | MoS2 on g-C3N453 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Impregnation and pyrolysis | Cu on N doped carbon66 |
Nonmetal + Nonmetal |
| Impregnation and pyrolysis | graphitic nitrogen and pyridinic nitrogen67 | Self-assembly and pyrolysis | B + CN54 | Pyrolysis | PVC + g-C3N455 |  |  |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Impregnation and pyrolysis | B-doped Carbon68 | Â | Â |
