Table 4 Performances of LMOs doped with various elements
From: Lithium resources and novel strategies for their extraction and purification
Dopant | LMO precursors | Brine | pH | Li uptake (mg·g−1) | Mn loss (%) | Desorption acid | Recyclability | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na+ | Li1.6Mn1.6O4 | LiCl solution, 168 (mg·L−1) | 12 | 33.9 | 4.4 | 0.6 M HCl | 6 cycles, 87.1% | |
K+ | Li1.6Mn1.6O4 | LiCl solution, 42 (mg·L−1) | 12 | 26.0 | 4.0 | 0.6 M HCl | 6 cycles, 90.8% | |
Mg2+ | Li1.6Mn1.6O4 | Salt lake brine, 156 (mg·L−1) | - | 35.6 | 3.2 | 0.5M HCl | 10 cycles, 65.7% | |
Co2+ | Li1.6Mn1.6O4 | LiCl solution, 84 (mg·L−1) | 12 | 35.4 | 4.4 | 0.3M HCl | 5 cycles, 82.9% | |
Al3+ | Li1.6Mn1.6O4 | LiOH solution, 350 (mg·L−1) | - | 32.6 | 1.9 | 0.5M HCl | 4 cycles, 82.2% | |
Cr3+ | Li1.6Mn1.6O4 | Salt lake brine, 222.2 (mg·L−1) | - | 31.7 | 2.1 | 0.5M HCl | 20 cycles, 81.7% | |
Fe3+ | Li1.33Mn1.67O4 | Salar de Uyuni, 1630 (mg·L−1) | 8.2 | 28.0 | 1.1 | 0.5M HCl | 4 cycles, 90% | |
Ga3+ | LiMn2O4 | LiCl solution, 50 (mg·L−1) | 9 | 25.3 | 4.7 | 0.1M HCl | 8 cycles, 68.25% | |
Si4+ | Li1.33Mn1.67O4 | Li spiked seawater, 60 (mg·L−1) | - | 43.2 | 1.5 | 0.3M HCl | - | |
Ti4+ | Li1.33Mn1.67O4 | Li spiked seawater, 60 (mg·L−1) | - | 21.9 | 3.3 | 0.3M HCl | 5 cycles, 88.7% |
