Fig. 2: Surface expression and MERS-CoV S1-Fc binding of DPP4 mutants.

a Multiple sequence alignment of DPP4 in different MERS-CoV susceptible and non-susceptible species, marking the putative phosphorylation site at the third amino acid position (letter ‘P’ marked in red). b Schematic representation of different mutations introduced in the cytoplasmic tail of DPP4. c Histograms depicting surface expression of wtDPP4 and its other mutants using flow cytometry. The values in the histogram depicts the percentage of FITC-positive cells. d Percentage difference of different DPP4 mutants surface expression as compared to wtDPP4. e Schematic representation of coronavirus spike protein. f In vitro expression confirmation of recombinant MERS-CoV spike S1-Fc protein using immunocytochemistry, scale bar = 5 µm (g) Molecular mass confirmation of purified recombinant MERS-CoV spike S1-Fc protein through western blot. h Histograms depicting surface binding of MERS-CoV spike S1 on DPP4 and its other mutant expressing cells using flow cytometry, values in the histogram plots indicate the percentage of FITC positive cells. i Percentage difference of MERS-CoV spike S1-Fc protein binding on different DPP4 mutants as compared to wild-type DPP4, N = 3, bar graph represents mean ± SD, ** p < 0.01,*** p < 0.001.