Fig. 2: Characterization of S antigens and VLP-S constructs.

a Schematic of the S protein (green, PDB: 5×58), MS2-SA (MS2: cyan, PDB: 2MS2; SA: orange, PDB: 3RY2) and VLP-S. b Size exclusion chromatography curves for S proteins. The vertical gray line represents the peak elution volume of the molecular weight standard γ-globulin (150 kDa, Millipore Sigma). The column void volume is 8 mL. c Characterization of S, MS2-SA, and VLP-S by dynamic light scattering. d Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) characterization of S and VLP-S. The unprocessed gel is shown in Supplementary Fig. 1. e Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) characterization of the binding of CDC2-C2, m336, and S2P6 antibodies to S proteins and VLP-S constructs. (mean ± SD, n = 3: one assay with three technical replicates).