Fig. 2: Patterned illumination methods for opto-control.
A The two-photon microscope features both imaging and uncaging pathways. (Right inset) A 3D holographic pattern is shown (top), along with independently adjustable power weighting for each holographic spot (bottom). Scale bars, 5 μm. Figure adapted from ref. 73. B 3D two-photon SLM-based glutamate uncaging: (i) Example of a Layer 5 pyramidal neuron with a magnified view of its basal dendrites. Scale bars: 50 μm (main) and 20 μm (inset). (ii) Scanless single-spine excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) recorded from seven spatially distributed basal dendritic spines. (iii) Calcium line-scan across spine #3 (yellow square in i). Scale bar: 1 μm. Figure adapted from ref. 73. C Schematic representations of various optical tweezers: From left to right—Single-beam optical tweezers, holographic optical tweezers, and the tomographic mold for optical trapping (TOMOTRAP), which integrates real-time 3D refractive index tomography with laser wavefront shaping. The top row illustrates the 3D beam intensity distributions generated by each optical tweezer configuration, while the bottom row displays the phase components of the complex optical field of the trapping beam. Figure adapted from ref. 78.
