Fig. 3: Several compounds that rely on copper-mediated radiochemistry for their production are currently under clinical evaluation.

A Clinically Validated CMRF synthesis of [¹⁸F]FDOPA⁵⁴. B Clinically Validated CMRF synthesis of [¹⁸F]Flumazinil⁵⁷. C Initial human imaging experience with [¹⁸F]TRACK – brain PET (left, reproduced from ref. ⁶¹ with permission^©. American Chemical Society) and whole-body dosimetry (right, reproduced from ref. ⁵⁵ under a CC BY 4.0 license). D Human imaging with [¹⁸F]-SynVesT-1 (Left, coregistered parametric VT images of representative baseline scan, 120-min PET data) and [¹⁸F]-SynVesT-2 (Right, summed SUV PET images of representative baseline scan, 40 to 60 min post-injection). Reproduced from refs. ^69,70 with permission^©. SNMMI. E Clinical imaging with [¹¹C]LY2795050 prepared via Cu-mediated radiocyanation (representative bolus + infusion equilibrium ratio (EQR) images on two planes in a normal control (peak EQR = 2.8; EQR = distribution volume ratio, under equilibrium conditions). Parametric EQR images are calculated from the average of frames from 40 to 80 min post-injection, normalized by the value in cerebellar gray matter). Images reproduced from ref. ⁶³ with permission^©. American Chemical Society. F Nonhuman primate imaging with [¹¹C]CN-Nociceptin prepared via Cu-mediated radiocyanation (summed SUV PET images 20–60 min post-injection). Images reproduced from ref. ⁴⁶ with permission^©. American Chemical Society.