Fig. 1: Example of additional information provided by fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM).

a Setup for fluorescence polarization microscopy by rotation of the excitation polarization35. b Conventional image of A549 lung cancer cells labeled by LAURDAN. c Image of only the modulation amplitude, A (c.f Eq. (1)), observed in FPM. d Image of the amplitude, A, of only one selected frame excited with a distinct polarization angle, α. e Modulation amplitude image of c, color-coded by the observed modulation phases (x, cf. Equation (2)) of different membrane parts.