Fig. 2: The July and August 2022 spatial distribution of precipitation and its historical anomaly.

Spatial distribution of precipitation (mm) in July and August 2022, compared with the corresponding historical period in Pakistan: (a) July 2022 precipitation; (b) August 2022 precipitation; c and d) Precipitation anomalies between July and August 2022 and the historical mean (mean of 1990–2021).