Fig. 1: Characterization of community resilience based on coupled human-infrastructure systems performance.

Coupled human-infrastructure systems performance is analyzed based various features: infrastructure/building disruptions, population protective action, and population activity recovery. Each feature category has sub-components for total of 11 features. Based on the coupled human-infrastructure systems performance, spatial areas are grouped into four clusters of risk and resilience archetypes: high-risk/high-resilience (HH), low-risk/high-resilience (LH), high-risk/low-resilience (HL), and low-risk/low-resilience (LL)