Fig. 9: Computing with single-device stochastic dynamics.
a Schematic of an MTJ, where the free layer magnetization switching probability is controlled by the pulse width and amplitude as shown in (b). c switching probably as a function of the frequency of the input spikes, which mimic the integrate-and-fire behaviors of the neuron. d Stochastic computing using skyrmion gas-based re-shufflers that eliminate the correlation impact in ordinary stochastic multiplication. e Experimentally observed stochastic trajectories of four skyrmions at room temperature. f Demonstration of re-shuffling operation to a stochastic bitstream in a skyrmion-based stochastic re-shuffler device. The radius of the reshuffling chamber is 40 μm. Part (b) reprinted with permission from ref. 131, Copyright © 2015, IEEE. Part (c) reprinted with permission from ref. 34, © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Parts (e, f) reprinted with permission from ref. 32, Springer Nature Limited.
