Fig. 3: Trajectory analysis from Thiele equation.

a Schematic and b results of dragging potential calculation from a single active skyrmion pair. The inset in (b) shows a circular potential well in the x-y plane. c Dragging potential of the entire skyrmion lattice constructed from (b). The red curve is the trajectory of the passive skyrmion with respect to the potential lattice, calculated from Thiele equation. d Comparison of constructed skyrmion potential and that obtained from MUMAX3. The symbols and curves represent the potentials extracted from Figs. 2e and 3c, respectively. e Analysis of the dragging force (orange arrow) and Magnus force (blue arrow) at different locations of the passive skyrmion in the laboratory coordinates. The black curve corresponds to the trajectory of the passive skyrmion and the dashed circles indicate the circular potential wells.