Fig. 6: Experimental results for a time lens spectrogram (TLS) and a Talbot array illuminator spectrogram (TAIS).
From: Linear optical wave energy redistribution methods for photonic signal processing

a TLS results for time-frequency analysis of a complex double-chirped optical waveform with bandwidth of 411 GHz82. b Results corresponding to a TAIS used for the analysis of 40-GHz microwave signal consisting of a double-chirped signal with single-frequency interferences occurring at different time-frequency locations, illustrating the sharp (sub-GHz) frequency resolution that is offered by this method while enabling to capture nanosecond events.