Fig. 4: Factors that alter sleep status shift ectoparasite resistance. | npj Biological Timing and Sleep

Fig. 4: Factors that alter sleep status shift ectoparasite resistance.

From: Shifted levels of sleep and activity during the night as mechanisms underlying ectoparasite resistance

Fig. 4

A Restraining flies reduces the resistance of selected lines compared to controls, (F = 28.66, d.f. = 1,4, P < 0.002). B The effect of selection on mite resistance is more profound when flies are exposed to mites under dark conditions. N = 4 parasitism assays per line (F = 11.839, d.f. = 1,3, P = 0.016). C Summary of dynamics between sleep and activity in relation to resistance to ectoparasitic mites. Created in BioRender. Benoit, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/g03v547. This highlights that altered sleep and activity patterns are associated with resistance to parasitism.

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