Fig. 1: Sleep-onset microstructure across diagnostic groups.
From: Disordered descent into sleep: microstructural divergence across arousal-linked conditions
Violin plots showing dwell times (seconds) in Hori substages H4–H10 for each diagnostic group and its matched controls. Panels correspond to narcolepsy type 1 (top left), idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD; top right), NREM parasomnia (bottom left) and fibromyalgia (bottom right). At each substage, grey violins and points represent controls and coloured violins and points represent the diagnostic cohort (narcolepsy type 1 = gold, iRBD = blue, NREM parasomnia = magenta, fibromyalgia = red–orange). Individual recordings are plotted as jittered points within each violin to show dispersion and outliers. A vertical dashed grid aids comparison across substages. These linear distributions provide a direct view of microstructural onset tempo and variability, complementing the Z-normalised trajectories and summary metrics presented in Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table S14. H Hori stage, iRBD idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder, NREM non-rapid eye movement sleep.
