Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants.

From: Fasting mimicking diet cycles versus a Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese hypertensive subjects: a randomized clinical trial

 

FMD

MD

 
 

mean ± SD (n)

mean ± SD (n)

p-value

General

   

Age (years)

54.86 ± 12.38 (44)

63.13 ± 7.72 (40)

0.0005

Sex

12 M, 32 F (44)

20 M, 20 F (40)

0.0434

Race (C-Caucaccian, B-Black, H-Hispanic)

27 C, 16B, 1H (44)

35 C, 5B, 0H (40)

0.0221

Education

10H, 22 C, 12 G (44)

7H, 21 C, 12 G (40)

0.834

Weight (lbs)

213.4 ± 34.94 (44)

221.3 ± 36.51 (40)

0.3133

Waist circumference (inches)

40.16 ± 5.02 (44)

42.15 ± 4.61 (40)

0.0633

BMI (kg/m²)

33.93 ± 4.83 (44)

33.77 ± 5.91 (39)

0.6846

Fat%

40.36 ± 8.14 (44)

36.22 ± 8.95 (39)

0.0348

Fat mass (lbs)

86.65 ± 25.03 (44)

80.05 ± 26.20 (39)

0.1601

Trunk fat %

39.34 ± 6.95 (44)

35.95 ± 6.81 (39)

0.0278

Trunk fat mass (lbs)

45.39 ± 11.94 (44)

42.46 ± 9.57 (39)

0.224

Fat free mass (lbs)

126.8 ± 24.57 (44)

140.5 ± 29.07 (39)

0.045

Sum legs muscle mass (lbs)

40.71 ± 8.32 (44)

45.46 ± 9.93 (39)

0.0559

Cardiac

   

RHI

1.95 ± 0.71 (44)

1.75 ± 0.63 (40)

0.1943

Abnormal RHI prevalence

17 (44), 38.6%

18 (40), 45%

0.1887

Heart rate (beats/min)

66.82 ± 11.12 (44)

66.33 ± 9.92 (40)

0.9947

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

139.7 ± 18.13 (44)

147.9 ± 17.41 (39)

0.0406

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78.39 ± 9.26 (44)

77.77 ± 8.24 (39)

0.7505

C1 (or AC1) - Large artery elasticity index (ml/mmHg x 10)

12.78 ± 4.33 (44)

11.29 ± 4.29 (40)

0.0867

C2 (or AC2) - Small artery elasticity index (ml/mmHg x 10)

4.63 ± 2.26 (44)

4.033 ± 1.69 (40)

0.2629

PULS score

8.28 ± 7.55 (44)

15.46 ± 13.43 (40)

0.0017

Calculated heart age (years)

71.80 ± 12.65 (44)

77.25 ± 6.93 (40)

0.008

Heart age difference (years)

16.93 ± 8.89 (44)

14.13 ± 7.76 (40)

0.1023

Serum parameters

   

IL6 (pg/ml)

2.69 ± 2.12 (43)

3.71 ± 3.20 (38)

0.0686

Leptin (pg/ml)

15.11 ± 10.09 (43)

16.15 ± 13.71 (39)

0.8192

TNFalpha (pg/ml)

0.96 ± 0.30 (43)

1.12 ± 0.36 (39)

0.0305

High-sensitive CRP (mg/dL)

3.78 ± 4.33 (44)

5.18 ± 6.56 (40)

0.4578

Creatinine (urine) (mg/dL)

107.8 ± 70.04 (44)

88.21 ± 54.48 (40)

0.2194

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

114.3 ± 40.70 (44)

121.4 ± 33.47 (40)

0.2218

HDL-C value (mg/dL)

54.25 ± 17.12 (44)

52.28 ± 16.47 (40)

0.8463

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

136.5 ± 71.49 (44)

138.7 ± 66.92 (40)

0.6479

Cholesterol-total (mg/dL)

194.1 ± 44.80 (44)

200.0 ± 34.77 (40)

0.2673

Insulin (uU/ml)

15.68 ± 11.65 (44)

18.97 ± 16.56 (40)

0.5944

HbA1c (%)

5.88 ± 0.97 (44)

6.09 ± 0.89 (40)

0.0728

Glucose (mg/dL)

102.5 ± 20.90 (44)

115.5 ± 36.78 (40)

0.0338

IGF-1 (ng/ml)

130.2 ± 38.45 (44)

137.5 ± 52.70 (40)

0.7366

MetSyn prevalence

15 (44), 34%

16 (40), 40%

0.6533

Diabetes prevalence

7 (44), 15.9%

12 (40), 30%

0.1911

HOMA-IR

4.15 ± 3.30 (44)

5.66 ± 6.00 (40)

0.3285

  1. Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise noted. Normality of the data at baseline was calculated using Shapiro–Wilk test for normality (sample size < 50). Based on the outcome, baseline characteristics were then compared using either a two-sided unpaired t-test (normal distribution) or unpaired Mann–Whitney test (non-normal distribution). We conducted intention-to-treat analysis, which included data from all 84 participants who underwent randomization. Significant values are highlighted in boldface.
  2. BMI body mass index, Waist Circ waist circumference, AC1 Large Resistance Artery Compliance, AC2 Small Resistance Artery Compliance, RHI Reactive Hyperemia Index, H High school, C College, G graduate school.
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