Table 2 Results after 4 months of intervention (V3).

From: Fasting mimicking diet cycles versus a Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese hypertensive subjects: a randomized clinical trial

 

FMD

MD

FMD vs. MD

Estimate

Std. Error

P-value

Estimate

Std. Error

P-value

Estimate

Std. Error

P-value

Weight (lbs)

−7.8

1.3

7.86E-07

−9.3

1.2

2.34E-09

−1.3

1.9

0.487579

Waist circumference (inches)

−1.4

0.4

0.000526

−1.9

0.3

6.25E-08

−0.4

0.5

0.426845

BMI (kg/m²)

−1.2

0.2

1.50E-05

−1.5

0.2

1.09E-08

−0.3

0.3

0.33708

Fat%

−2.2

0.6

0.000665

−1.8

0.6

0.003969

0.5

0.8

0.574188

Fat mass (lbs)

−8.1

1.6

7.52E-06

−8.5

1.8

2.40E-05

−0.4

2.3

0.87355

Trunk fat %

−1.8

0.6

0.00232

−1.5

0.5

0.009456

0.3

0.8

0.662362

Trunk fat mass (lbs)

−3.7

0.8

2.83E-05

−2.5

1.3

0.065515

1.2

1.5

0.426705

Fat free mass (lbs)

0.1

1.4

0.948786

−1.9

1.4

0.192068

−2.0

2.0

0.312656

Sum legs muscle mass (lbs)

0.5

0.5

0.298557

−0.9

0.7

0.20254

−1.4

0.9

0.105813

RHI

−0.4

0.1

0.002331

−0.1

0.1

0.558979

0.3

0.2

0.055801

RHI abnormal prevalence

1.2

0.7

0.066518

0.2

0.6

0.804054

−1.1

0.8

0.193901

Heart rate (beats/min)

−0.4

1.7

0.802074

−2.2

1.5

0.159095

−1.8

2.3

0.439248

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

0.9

2.5

0.72006

−3.9

2.4

0.115211

−5.6

3.8

0.139891

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

−0.1

1.3

0.94643

−0.7

1.4

0.598757

−0.7

1.9

0.714982

C1 (or AC1) - Large artery elasticity index (ml/mmHgx10)

−0.5

1.0

0.654825

1.5

0.9

0.1274

1.9

1.4

0.172422

C2 (or AC2) - Small artery elasticity index (ml/mmHgx10)

0.4

0.4

0.30895

0.0

0.3

0.924105

−0.4

0.6

0.46993

PULS score

−0.6

0.6

0.314013

−0.9

1.1

0.396745

−0.3

1.3

0.80391

Calculated heart age (years)

−2.0

1.2

0.107077

−0.6

0.8

0.408835

1.3

1.5

0.387906

Heart age difference

−2.2

1.2

0.066073

−1.0

0.8

0.178256

1.2

1.5

0.432171

MetSyn prevalence

−0.5

0.7

0.425655

0.3

0.8

0.718073

0.9

1.1

0.400982

Diabetes prevalence

−4.5

3.0

0.126174

−14.2

4.4

0.001232

−2.1

3.5

0.541908

IL6 (pg/ml)

−0.3

0.3

0.33868

−0.4

0.5

0.442816

−0.1

0.6

0.854638

Leptin (pg/ml)

−4.9

1.1

9.11E-05

−5.1

1.0

5.15E-06

−0.2

1.5

0.904356

TNFalpha (pg/ml)

0.1

0.0

0.07341

0.3

0.2

0.265535

0.2

0.2

0.461397

High-sensitive CRP (mg/dL)

−1.0

0.7

0.201503

−1.4

1.0

0.149394

−0.4

1.2

0.71252

Creatinine- urine, (mg/dL)

−3.1

13.3

0.817127

15.6

11.1

0.169319

17.7

17.3

0.309356

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

−5.7

3.7

0.132536

−5.9

4.7

0.212985

−0.3

6.3

0.965669

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

−5.1

2.6

0.053145

−3.0

1.4

0.041898

2.4

3.0

0.420084

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

−15.1

8.5

0.085431

−2.1

8.2

0.803328

13.4

12.5

0.2873

Cholesterol-total (mg/dL)

−10.4

4.3

0.020139

−10.7

5.0

0.03778

−0.4

7.3

0.95635

Insulin (uU/ml)

−1.5

3.2

0.641313

−5.1

2.8

0.075702

−3.6

4.3

0.400295

HbA1c (%)

−0.2

0.1

0.00593

−0.2

0.1

0.056449

0.0

0.1

0.786922

IGF-1 (ng/ml)

−9.2

4.4

0.042703

−2.2

5.0

0.663645

7.1

6.6

0.286942

HOMA-IR

−0.1

1.2

0.95164

−1.8

0.9

0.047597

−1.8

1.5

0.256282

Glucose (mg/dl)

−2.3

3.4

0.508201

−8.9

4.4

0.048846

−6.5

5.6

0.244999

  1. For each continuous outcome variable, linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of time and treatment. We used the t-test to calculate the p-value of the coefficient for each of the two groups. Group is included in the model to account for baseline differences in the outcome variable between treatment groups. The inclusion of time in the model allows for changes in the outcome over time that are unrelated to the intervention. The interaction terms provide estimates of the treatment effects over time, and the t-test for its coefficient was used to calculate the p-value comparing MD with FMD. Significant values are highlighted in boldface.
  2. *Prevalence at V3 is shown as (%).
  3. BMI body mass index (calculated via Bioimpedance as weight/height), Waist Circ waist circumference, AC1 Large Resistance Artery Compliance (measures arterial elasticity), AC2 Small Resistance Artery Compliance (measures arterial elasticity), RHI Reactive Hyperemia Index.
  4. One patient in the MD arm did not have baseline measurements for the BMI and body composition because the scale did not work.
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