Fig. 2: Energy intake, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure and locomotor activity for SG, SHIF and SHAL mice after surgery.
From: The metabolic advantage of being young and male in obesity treatment outcomes in mice
A–C Energy intake (EI) after SG, SHIF and SHAL, Two-Way ANOVA with multiple comparisons using Tukey’s tests. A For SG, there were differences in EI on weeks 1, 3 and 4. On week 2, older females had the highest EI (a versus b, p < 0.01; a versus c, p < 0.05). B For SHIF, on weeks 1 and 3, young females required the most food restriction to maintain the same body weight as young SG females (a versus b, p < 0.05; a versus c, p < 0.0001; a versus d, p < 0.01). On week 4, older females consumed the most calories while maintaining a similar body weight as SG females (a versus e, p < 0.0001). C For SHAL, young females had the lowest EI on weeks 1 and 3 (a versus b, p < 0.0001 and a versus c, p < 0.0001); on week 2, young males and females consumed less calories than their older counterparts. There was no difference among the groups on week 4. D, E Glucose homeostasis after SG, SHIF and SHAL. Two-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s tests for multiple comparisons. D. SG and SHIF young males had the best glucose tolerance on week 1 (a versus b, p < 0.01). On week 3, SHIF mice, except for young females, had the best performance on the OGTT. E ITT on week 2: Young SG and SHIF males performed better than young SHAL on week 2 (a versus b, p < 0.01). On week 4, older male and young male SHIF had improved insulin sensitivity compared to SG and SHAL, within each respective group (a versus b, p < 0.05). 2F–I Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) adjusted for Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Fat Mass (FM). No difference within any of the groups. 2J–M Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER). No difference within any of the groups. 2N–Q Locomotor Activity. Older SG males had the lowest activity level (p < 0.0001). Statistics:N = 6–14 per group; Two-Way ANOVA with multiple comparisons for energy intake and glucose homeostasis; Mann-Whitney for comparisons between two groups; Generalized Linear Regression with adjustment for FFM and FM for TEE and for RER; Two-Way ANOVA with mixed effects for locomotor activity. NS nonsignificant.
