Table 4 Critical appraisal result of the studies using RCT study design

Included articles	Criterion no. (items included to appraise RCT studies)
Included articles	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	Total	Raw %	Risk
(Deka et al.⁵³,)	√	√	√	*	*	√	*	¥	¥	¥	√	√	√	7	53.8	Moderate
(Riegel and Carlson⁵⁶,)	√	√	√	*	*	√	√	√	¥	√	¥	√	√	9	69.2	Low

√ = yes, X = no, * = unclear, ¥ = not applicable.
Criterion No. 1: Was true randomization used for assignment of participants to treatment groups? No. 2: Was allocation to treatment groups concealed? No. 3: Were treatment groups similar at the baseline? No. 4: Were participants blind to treatment assignment? No. 5: Were those delivering treatment blind to treatment assignment? No. 6: Were outcomes assessors blind to treatment assignment? No. 7: Were treatments groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest? No. 8: Was follow-up complete, and if not, were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized? No 9: Were participants analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized? No. 10: Were outcomes measured in the same way for treatment groups? No. 11: Were outcomes measured in a reliable way? No. 12: Was appropriate statistical analysis used? No. 13: Was the trial design appropriate?.

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