Table 7 Critical appraisal result of the studies using case-control study design

Included articles	Criterion no. (items included to appraise Case-control studies)
Included articles	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total	Raw %	Risk
(Rocha et al.⁶⁴)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	10	100	Low
(Dickson et al.⁴⁶)	√	*	*	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	8	100	Low

√ = yes, X = no, * = unclear
Criterion no. 1: Were the groups comparable other than the presence of disease in cases or the absence of disease in controls? criterion no. 2: cases and controls matched appropriately? criterion no. 3: same criteria used for identification of cases and controls? criterion no. 4: exposure measured in a standard, valid and reliable way?, criterion no. 5: exposure measured in the same way for cases and controls? criterion no. 6: confounding factors identified, criterion no. 7: strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? criterion no. 8: outcomes assessed in a standard, valid and reliable way for cases and controls? Criteria no. 9: the exposure period of interest long enough to be meaningful? And criteria 10: appropriate statistical analysis used?

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