Table 1 Comparison of different standalone intravascular imaging modalities
IVUS (<60 MHz) | OCT | NIRS | NIRF | FLIm | IVPA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Technical features | ||||||
Blood clearance | NO | YES | NO | YES | YES | YES |
Axial resolution | 20–100 μm | 10–20 μm | NA | NA | NA | 20–80 μm |
Lateral resolution | 100–250 μm | 20–90 μm | NA | NA | 10–30 μm | 100–250 μm |
Penetration depth | >5 mm | 1–2 mm | ~1 mm | ~0.5 mm | <150 μm | 3–4 mm |
Imaging speed | 30 fps | 100-200 fps | 30 fps | >50 fps | ~10 fps | ~20 fps |
Anatomic information | YES | YES | NO | NO | NO | YES |
Commercial availability | YES | YES | YES | NO | NO | NO |
Culprit lesion | ||||||
Plaque rupture | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Plaque erosion | + (HD- IVUS) | +++ | + | + | - | - |
Calcified nodules | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Spontaneous dissection | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Thrombus | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Nonculprit lesion | ||||||
Plaque burden | +++ | +/++ (with AI) | - | - | - | - |
Vessel remodelling | ++ | - | - | - | - | - |
Fibrous cap thickness | + | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Lipid component | + | ++ | +++ | - | - | - |
Calcium thickness | - | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Detection of deep calcium | +++ | - | - | - | - | - |
Myocardial bridge | ++ | + | - | - | - | - |
Inflammation | - | ++ | - | ++ | +++ | - |
Pre-PCI assessment | ||||||
Stent diameter sizing | +++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Stent length sizing | +++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Post-PCI assessment | ||||||
Stent expansion/malapposition | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Tissue/thrombus protrusion | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Stent edge dissection | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Stent failure assessment | ||||||
In-stent restenosis | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
Stent thrombosis | ++ | +++ | - | - | - | - |
