Fig. 4: Development of HANABI instruments.
From: Mechanism of amyloid fibril formation triggered by breakdown of supersaturation
a A model of reaction field around the cavities and radicals of water molecules formed after the disruption of cavitation bubbles under ultrasonication. b The HANABI system produces the ultrasonic wave in a water bath, the plate is moved sequentially along the x-y axis and the 96 wells are ultrasonicated uniformly. c Performance of HANABI with β2m. Amyloid formation was monitored by ThT fluorescence. 96-well microplate containing 0.3 mg/mL β2m, 100 mM NaCl and 5 μM ThT at pH 2.5 was ultrasonicated in repeated cycles of 1-min ultrasonication and 9-min quiescence without (left) and with (right) plate movements at 37 °C. The figure was reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 from Umemoto et al.10. d A 3D schematic illustration of the HANABI-2000 system (left) and a block diagram of the control units (right) of HANABI-2000. e The kinetics of β2m amyloid formation (n = 36) monitored by ThT fluorescence under ultrasonication. Reproduced with permission from ref. 11.
