Fig. 1: Passenger stranding phenomena in the Beijing subway system.
From: Phase transition-like behaviors of propagation of passenger stranding phenomena in subway networks
a The number of stranded passengers in the Beijing subway system between 8:00 and 8:15 on October 16, 2020. b Spatial distribution of stations with stranded passengers in the Beijing subway network at 8:10 AM rush hour. c Mechanisms of passengers being stranded at subway stations. The causes for the occurrence of stranded passengers and PPS phenomena are as follows: network topology, service trains scheduling, and spatiotemporal characteristics of demand. d The scheme of causing PPS phenomena. Stranding occurs at stations when passengers' demand exceeds transportation supply. Due to the interconnected nature of the line, operation at full capacity in upstream stations would occupy the supply scale of downstream stations, leading to passengers stranded at the latter.
