Fig. 9: Illustration of proposed grain refinement mechanism. | npj Advanced Manufacturing

Fig. 9: Illustration of proposed grain refinement mechanism.

From: Tunable TiAl3-reinforced aluminum matrix composites via in-situ reactive printing: insights from operando synchrotron analysis and microstructural characterization

Fig. 9

a Intermetallic phase solidifies prior to matrix material nucleation, b Heterogeneous nucleation sites on the intermetallic phase, c Refined grains in matrix material, d Impurities and grains from the prior layer in unreinforced matrix material, e Nucleation from impurities and directional grain growth, f Large directional grains with potential solidification cracks.

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