Fig. 2: Validation of simulation results with anti-VEGF treatment and sensitivity of crucial parameters.

a The timeline of the experiment and the simulation (created with BioRender.com). b Sensitivity of the model by increasing the immune response (killing potential of immune cells) and the transport (extravasation) of immune cells. c Validation of the model, comparison of the simulated (dashed curves) with experimental tumor (continuous curves). The average values of the experimental tumor growth data are presented along with their standard errors. The simulated curves are presented with a range (shaded areas) by varying +−5% and +−2.5% (light-shaded and darker-shaded areas, respectively) the tumor growth rate constant (parameter lc) and cancer cells’ random mobility (i.e., their invasiveness to the surrounding tissue, parameter Dc.) from their baseline values.