Fig. 1: Comparison of simulation results under different nucleation scenarios with observations from March 1 to 18, 2017.

Averaged particle number size distribution simulated and observations (a). Box plot showing a comparison of simulated and observed number concentrations for particles in the 3–20 nm size range (b). Time series of observed particle number size distributions (c). Simulated particle number size distributions using the default nucleation mechanism and the H2SO4-DMA nucleation mechanism on March 1, March 9, and March 14 (d).