Fig. 3: First-order transformation rate constants (kobs) of polyfluoroalkyl substances obtained in buffered deionized (DI) water (pH 7.4) and pretreated surface water.

a shows kobs values for cationic and zwitterionic polyfluoroalkyl substances, highlighting differences in degradation between water types. b presents kobs values for anionic polyfluoroalkyl substances under the same conditions.