Table 2 Results of BCI training and performance

From: On the feasibility of using motor imagery EEG-based brain–computer interface in chronic tetraplegics for assistive robotic arm control: a clinical test and long-term post-trial follow-up

Subject

Rh/lh, M/F

AIS

Level

Age

BCI sequence

BCI performance (%)

Feedback best (%)

Feedback VR (%)

Class used

T/0 (s)

No. of trials

Frequency used (Hz)

VZ

rhM

B–C

C4

51

TN

86.7

  

L/X

  

5.0–35.0

XE

rhM

B

C6

29

TN–TV–FN–FN–FV

98.6

94.3

55.8

L/F

5/x/5*

52/52/52

26.5–35.0

DZ

rhM

B

C7

37

TV–TN–FN

68.2

52.3

 

F/X

8

44

27.0–32.0

XY

rhM

A

C6

24

TN–TV–FN–B2R

92.9

87.5

 

L/R

5

32

8.5–12.0

QM

rhM

A

C7

35

TV–TN–FN–FV–B2R

72.0

72.1

76.2

L/R

x/x

43/42

20.0–33.0

CU

rhM

C

C4

34

TV–FN

79.2

52.0

 

L/F

5

102

5.0–30.5

HD

rhM

A

C6

25

TN–TV–FN–FN

97.2

68.5

 

L/R

5*/5

89/102

10.5–14.5

OK

rhM

B

C7

23

TV–TV–FNa

61.1

  

L/F

  

22.0–34.0

YX

rhF

A

C7

40

TN–TV–FN–FN

73.0

69.9

 

L/X

5*/5

42/42

12.5–17.5

XE(2)

rhM

B

C6

29

FN–B2R

N/A

71.4

 

L/F

5

42

26.5–35.0

  1. Abbreviations: AIS, Frankel impairment degree; B2R, BCI and robot use; FN, feedback session, normal; FV, feedback session, video; TN, training session, normal; TV, training session, video.
  2. Left to right: subject identifier–initials, changed by convention–(note that one subject, XE, performed the experiment twice, second session 4 days after the first, without re-training), handedness (left/right), gender, AIS, Frankel impairment degree; level of SCI, age, sequence of BCI tasks performed, cross-validation on training set performance, feedback in the best session for that subject (ranging from 1 to 3 sessions), feedback on VR BCI use, classes used for best feedback session, timeout used for BCI feedback by session (*best session), number of trials for each feedback session and frequencies used (Hz). B2R (represented in bold) are the three BCI sequences of BCI and robot use.
  3. a Patient OK did not complete the feedback session.