Table 1 Types of information extracted from each information source.
From: A comprehensive database of the geographic spread of past human Ebola outbreaks
Outbreak | Source | Type of information available |
|---|---|---|
1. Sudan 1976 | WHO/International study team. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1976. Bull. World Health Organ. 56, 247-270 (1978). | Case numbers (284), fatality numbers (151), dates and spread locations |
2. DRC 1976 | International Commission. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Bull. World Health Organ. 56, 271-293 (1978). | Case numbers (318), fatality numbers (280), dates and spread locations |
3. DRC 1977 | Heymann, D. et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Tandala, Zaire, 1977–1978. J. Infect. Dis. 142, 372-376 (1980). | Case numbers (1), fatality numbers (1), dates and spread locations |
4. South Sudan 1979 | Baron R. C., McCormick, J. B. & Zubeir, O. A. Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan - hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread. Bull. World Health Organ. 61, 997-1003 (1983). | Case numbers (34), fatality numbers (22), dates and spread locations |
5. Côte d’Ivoire 1994 | Le Guenno, B. et al. Isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of Ebola virus. The Lancet 345, 1271-1274 (1995). | Case numbers (1), fatality numbers (0) and dates |
| Â | Formenty, P. et al. Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees living in a rain forest of Cote d'Ivoire. J. Infect. Dis. 179, S120-S126 (1999). | Spread locations |
6. Gabon 1994 | Georges, A.-J. et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994–1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. J. Infect. Dis. 179, S65-S75 (1999). | Case numbers (49)*, fatality numbers (30)*, dates and spread locations |
| Â | Amblard, J. et al. Identification of the Ebola virus in Gabon in 1994. The Lancet 349, 181-182 (1997). | Case numbers (44), fatality numbers (28) and spread locations |
|  | Milleliri, J., Tévi-Benissan, C., Baize, S., Leroy, E. & Georges-Courbot, M. Les épidémies de fièvre hémorragique due au virus Ebola au Gabon (1994-2002). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales 97, 199-205 (2004). | Case numbers (51), fatality numbers (31) and spread locations |
7. DRC 1995 | Khan, A. S. et al. The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J. Infect. Dis. 179, S76-S86 (1999). | Case numbers (315), fatality numbers (250), dates and spread locations |
| Â | Muyembe, T. & Kipasa, M. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Zaire. The Lancet 345, 1448 (1995). | Spread locations |
8. Gabon 1996 | Georges, A.-J. et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994–1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. J. Infect. Dis. 179, S65-S75 (1999). | Case numbers (31), fatality numbers (21), dates and spread locations |
|  | Milleliri, J., Tévi-Benissan, C., Baize, S., Leroy, E. & Georges-Courbot, M. Les épidémies de fièvre hémorragique due au virus Ebola au Gabon (1994-2002). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales 97, 199-205 (2004). | Case numbers (31), fatality numbers (21) and spread locations |
9. Gabon 1996b | Georges, A.-J. et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994–1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. J. Infect. Dis. 179, S65-S75 (1999). | Case numbers (60), fatality numbers (45), dates and spread locations |
|  | Milleliri, J., Tévi-Benissan, C., Baize, S., Leroy, E. & Georges-Courbot, M. Les épidémies de fièvre hémorragique due au virus Ebola au Gabon (1994-2002). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales 97, 199-205 (2004). | Case numbers (60), fatality numbers (45) and spread locations |
10. Uganda 2000 | Lamunu, M. et al. Containing a haemorrhagic fever epidemic: the Ebola experience in Uganda (October 2000–January 2001). Int. J. Infect. Dis. 8, 27-37 (2004). | Case numbers (60), fatality numbers (45), dates and spread locations |
|  | World Health Organization. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Uganda, August 2000–January 2001. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 76, 41-48 (2001). | Case numbers (60), fatality numbers (45), dates and spread locations |
| Â | Okware, S. et al. An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Trop. Med. Int. Health 7, 1068-1075 (2002). | Case numbers (60), fatality numbers (45), dates and spread locations |
11. Gabon 2001 | Nkoghe Mba, D. et al. Plusieurs épidémies de fièvre hémorragique due au virus Ebola au Gabon, d'octobre 2001 à avril 2002. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales 98, 224-229 (2005). | Case numbers (124)*, fatality numbers (97)*, dates and spread locations |
| Â | World Health Organization. Outbreak(s) of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo, January-April 2003. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 78, 285-289 (2003). | Case numbers (97), fatality numbers (73), dates and spread locations |
|  | Milleliri, J., Tévi-Benissan, C., Baize, S., Leroy, E. & Georges-Courbot, M. Les épidémies de fièvre hémorragique due au virus Ebola au Gabon (1994-2002). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales 97, 199-205 (2004). | Case numbers (124)*, fatality numbers (97)* and spread locations |
12. Gabon 2001b | World Health Organization. Outbreak(s) of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo, January-April 2003. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 78, 285-289 (2003). | Case numbers (143), fatality numbers (128), dates and spread locations |
13. RoC 2003 | Boumandouki, P. et al. Prise en charge des malades et des défunts lors de l'épidémie de fièvre hémorragique due au virus Ebola d’octobre à décembre 2003 au Congo. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales 98, 218-223 (2005). | Case numbers (35), fatality numbers (29), dates and spread locations |
14. South Sudan 2004 | World Health Organization. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Yambio, south Sudan, April-June 2004. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 80, 370-375 (2005). | Case numbers (17), fatality numbers (7), dates and spread locations |
| Â | Onyango, C. O. et al. Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever during an outbreak in Yambio, Sudan, 2004. J. Infect. Dis. 196, S193-S198 (2007). | Spread locations |
15. RoC 2005 | Nkoghe, D., Kone, M. L., Yada, A. & Leroy, E. A limited outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Etoumbi, Republic of Congo, 2005. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 105, 466-472 (2011). | Case numbers (12), fatality numbers (10), dates and spread locations |
16. DRC 2007 | Leroy, E. M. et al. Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2007. Vector Borne Zoonot. Dis. 9, 723-728 (2009). | Case numbers (264), fatality numbers (186), dates and spread locations |
| Â | Grard, G. et al. Emergence of divergent Zaire ebola virus strains in Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2007 and 2008. J. Infect. Dis. 204, S776-S784 (2011). | Spread locations |
17. Uganda 2007 | Wamala, J. F. et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever associated with novel virus strain, Uganda, 2007–2008. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16, 1087-1092 (2010). | Case numbers (116), fatality numbers (39), dates and spread locations |
| Â | MacNeil, A. et al. Proportion of deaths and clinical features in Bundibugyo Ebola virus infection, Uganda. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16, 1969 (2010). | Spread locations |
| Â | Towner, J. S. et al. Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. PLoS Pathog. 4, e1000212 (2008). | Spread locations |
18. DRC 2008 | World Health Organisation. End of Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_02_17/en/ (2009). | Case numbers (32)*, fatality numbers (15)*, dates and spread locations |
| Â | Grard, G. et al. Emergence of divergent Zaire ebola virus strains in Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2007 and 2008. J. Infect. Dis. 204, S776-S784 (2011). | Case numbers (14), fatality numbers (10), dates and spread locations |
19. Uganda 2011 | Shoemaker, T. et al. Reemerging Sudan ebola virus disease in Uganda, 2011. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18, 1480 (2012). | Case numbers (1), fatality numbers (1), dates and spread locations |
20. DRC 2012 | Albarino, C. et al. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 442, 97-100 (2013). | Case numbers (36)*, fatality numbers (13)*, dates and spread locations |
| Â | World Health Organization. DR Congo: Ebola (Situation as of 01 October 2012) http://www.afro.who.int/pt/grupos-organicos-e-programas/ddc/alerta-e-resposta-epidemias-e-pandemias/outbreak-news/3698-dr-congo-ebola-situation-as-of-01-october-2012.html (2012). | Case numbers (31), fatality numbers (10) and spread locations |
21. Uganda 2012 | Albarino, C. et al. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 442, 97-100 (2013). | Case numbers (11)*, fatality numbers (4)*, dates and spread locations |
| Â | World Health Organisation. Ebola in Uganda http://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_07_29/en/ (2012). | Case numbers (20), fatality numbers (14) and spread locations |
| Â | World Health Organisation. Uganda : Ebola (situation as of 27 August 2012) http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/3674-uganda--ebola-situation-as-of-27-august-2012-.html (2012). | Case numbers (24), fatality numbers (17) and spread locations |
22. Uganda 2012b | Albarino, C. et al. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 442, 97-100 (2013). | Case numbers (6), fatality numbers (3), dates and spread locations |
