Key Points
-
Provides an overview on a variety of implant retention systems.
-
Informs the reader on the factors that may guide the decision-making process of selecting an implant retention system.
-
Highlights the literature assessing patient satisfaction and prosthodontic maintenance with a variety of implant retention systems.
Abstract
Implant retained overdentures are being increasingly utilised in both general and specialist practice to rehabilitate patients with missing teeth, particularly those that are edentate. This article aims to inform the reader of a variety of retention systems that are available to retain an implant overdenture and to understand how these systems work, their advantages and disadvantages and to outline some of the clinical and treatment planning considerations involved in selecting the most appropriate retention system for patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Jivraj S, Chee W, Corrado P . Treatment planning of the edentulous maxilla. Br Dent J 2006; 201: 261–279.
Vogel R C . Implant overdentures: a new standard of care for edentulous patient's current concepts and techniques. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2008; 29: 270–276.
Floyd P, Palmer R, Barrett V . Dental implants. 4. Treatment planning for implant restorations. Br Dent J 1999; 187: 297–305.
Thomason J M, Lund J P, Chehade A, Feine J S . Patient satisfaction with mandibular implant overdentures and conventional dentures 6 months after delivery. Int J Prosthodont 2003; 16: 467–473.
Heydecke G, Klemetti E, Awad M A, Lund J P, Feine J S . Relationship between prosthodontic evaluation and patient ratings of mandibular conventional and implant prostheses. Int J Prosthodont 2003; 16: 307–312.
Doundoulakis J H, Eckert S, Lindquist C C, Jeffcoat M K . The implant supported overdenture as an alternative to the mandibular complete denture. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 1455–1458.
Sadowsky S J, Zitzmann N U . Protocols for the Maxillary Implant Overdenture: A Systematic Review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2016; 31 (Suppl.): s182–s191.
Feine J S, Carlsson G E, Awad M A et al. The McGill consensus statement on overdentures. Mandibular two-implant overdentures as first choice standard of care for edentulous patients. Gerodontology 2002; 19: 3–4.
Boerrigter E M, Stegenga B, Raghoebar G M, Boering G . Patient satisfaction and chewing ability with implant-retained mandibular: a comparison with new complete dentures with or without preprosthetic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53: 1167–1173.
British Society for the Study of Prosthetic Dentistry. The York consensus statement on implant-supported overdentures. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2009; 17: 164–165.
Alani A, Bishop K, Djemal S, Renton T . Guidelines for Selecting Appropriate Patients to Receive Treatment with Dental Implants: Priorities for the NHS. (Update of the 1997 Guideline). Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2012.
Schoen P J, Reintsema H, Raghoebar G M, Vissink A, Roodenburg J L . The use of implant retained mandibular prostheses in the oral rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients. A review and rationale for treatment planning. Oral Oncol 2004; 40: 862–871.
Misch C . Contemporary Implant Dentistry. 3rd ed. Mosby: Elsevier, 2008.
Romero-Pérez M J, Mang-de la Rosa Mdel R, López-Jimenez J, Fernández-Feijoo J, Cutando-Soriano A . Implants in disabled patients: a review and update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19: e478–e482.
Emami E, Michaud P L, Sallaleh I et al. Implant-assisted complete prostheses. Periodontol 2000 2014; 66: 119–131.
Dudic A, Merickse-Stern R . Retention mechanisms and prosthetic complications of implant supported mandibular overdentures: long term results. Clin Imp Dent Related Res 2002; 4: 212–219.
Burns D R, Ward J E . A review of attachments for removable partial denture design. Part 1: Classification and selection. Int J Prosthodont 1990; 3: 98–102.
Williams G, Thomas M B M, Addy L . Precision Attachments in Partial Removable Prosthodontics: An Update for the Practitioner Part 1. Dent Update 2014; 41: 725–731.
Vasant R, Vasant M K . Retention systems for implant-retained overdentures. Dent Update 2013; 40: 28–31.
Cochran D . The evidence for immediate loading of implants. J Evid Base Dent Pract 2006; 6: 155–163.
Stoumpis C, Kohal R J . To splint or not to splint oral implants in the implant-supported overdenture therapy? A systematic literature review. J Oral Rehabil 2011; 38: 857–869.
White G E . Osseointegrated Dental Technology. Chicago: Quintessence, 1993.
Williams B H, Ochiai K T, Hojo S, Nishimura R, Caputo A A . Retention of maxillary implant overdenture bars of different designs. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 86: 603–607.
Chung K H, Chung C Y, Cagna D R, Cronin R J Jr . Retention characteristics of attachment systems for implant overdentures. J Prosthodont 2004; 13: 221–226.
Petropoulos V C, Smith W, Kousvelari E . Comparison of retention and release periods for implant overdenture attachments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997; 12: 176–185.
Ortego´n S M, Thompson G A, Agar J R, Taylor T D, Perdikis D . Retention forces of spherical attachments as a function of implant and matrix angulation in mandibular overdentures: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2009; 101: 231–238.
Michelinakis G, Barclay C W, Smith P W . The influence of interimplant distance and attachment type on the retention characteristics of mandibular overdentures on 2 implants: initial retention values. Int J Prosthodont 2006; 19: 507–512.
Uludag B, Polat S . Retention characteristics of different attachment systems of mandibular overdentures retained by two or three implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2012; 27: 1509–1513.
Savabi O, Nejatidanesh F, Yordshahian F . Retention of implant-supported overdenture with bar/clip and stud attachment designs. J Oral Implantol 2013; 39: 140–147.
Carlsson G E . Implant and root supported overdentures a literature review and some data on bone loss in edentulous jaws. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6: 245–252.
Lee C K, Agar J R . Surgical and prosthetic planning for a twoimplantretained mandibular overdenture: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2006; 95: 102–105.
Liddelow G J, Henry P J . A prospective study of immediately loaded single implant-retained mandibular overdentures: preliminary one-year results. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 97 (6 Suppl): 126–137.
Walton J N, Glick N, Macentee M I . A randomized clinical trial comparing patient satisfaction and prosthetic outcomes with mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants. Int J Prosthodont 2009; 22: 331–339.
Raghoebar G M, Meijer H J, Slot W, Slater J J, Vissink A . A systematic review of implant-supported overdentures in the edentulous maxilla, compared to the mandible: how many implants? Eur J Oral Implantol 2014; 7 (Suppl 2): S191–S201.
Dudley J . The 2implant maxillary overdenture: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112: 104–107.
Mo A, Hjortsjö C, Olsen-Bergem H, Jokstad A . Maxillary 3implant removable prostheses without palatal coverage on Locator abutments a case series. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 00: 1–7.
Banton B, Henry M D . Overdenture retention and stabilization with ballandsocket attachments: principles and technique. J Dent Technol 1997; 14: 14–20.
Trakas T, Michalakis K, Kang K, Hirayama H . Attachment Systems for Implant Retained Overdentures: A literature Review. Implant Dentistry 2006; 15: 24–34.
Chee W, Jivraj S . Treatment planning of the edentulous mandible. Br Dent J 2006; 201: 337–347.
Attard N J, Zarb G A . Long-term treatment outcomes in edentulous patients with implant-fixed prostheses: the Toronto study. Int J Prosthodont 2004; 17: 417–424.
Zitzmann N U, Sendi P, Marinello C P . An economic evaluation of implant treatment in edentulous patients preliminary results. Int J Prosthodont 2005; 18: 20–27.
Shaw R J, Sutton A F, Cawood J I et al. Oral rehabilitation after treatment for head and neck malignancy. Head Neck 2005; 27: 459–470.
Kurtzman G M . The locator attachment: free-standing versus bar-overdentures. Dent Labour Int Plus 2009; 1: 20–23.
Galindo D F . The implant-supported milled-bar mandibular overdenture. J Prosthondont 2001; 10: 46–51.
Miloro M, Ghali G E, Larsen P, Waite P . Peterson's Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 3rd ed. Connecticut: PMPH-USA, 2012.
DeBoer J . Edentulous implants: overdenture versus fixed. J Prosthet Dent 1993; 69: 386–390.
English CE . Critical AP spread. Implant Soc 1990; 1: 2–3.
Naert I . The influence of attachment systems on implant-retained mandibular overdentures. In Feine J S, Carlsson GE (eds) Implant overdentures. The standard of care for edentulous patients. Chicago: Quintessence, 2003.
Ahuja S, Cagna D R . Classification and management of restorative space in edentulous implant overdenture patients. J Prosthet Dent 2011; 105: 332–337.
Sadowsky S J . Treatment considerations for maxillary implant overdentures: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 97: 340–348.
Andreiotelli M, Att W, Strub J R . Prosthodontic complications with implant overdentures: a systematic literature review. Int J Prosthodont 2010; 23: 195–203.
Cehreli M C, Karasoy D, Kokat A M, Akca K, Eckert S E . Systematic review of prosthetic maintenance requirements for implant-supported overdentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2010; 25: 163–180.
Cakarer S, Can T, Yaltirik M, Keskin C . Complications associated with the ball, bar and Locator attachments for implant-supported overdentures. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011; 16: e953–e959.
MacEntee M I, Walton J N, Glick N . A clinical trial of patient satisfaction and prosthodontic needs with ball and bar attachments for implant-retained complete overdentures: three-year results. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 93: 28–37.
Mericske-Stern R, Sirtes G, Piotti M, Jaggi C . Biomechanics and implants. Which is the best denture anchorage on implants in the edentulous mandible? An in-vivo study. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 1997; 107: 602–613.
Real-Osuna J, Almendros-Marques H, Gay-Escoda . Prevalence of complications after the oral rehabilitation with implant-supported hybrid prostheses. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17: e116–e121.
Zarb G A, Zarb F L . Tissue integrated dental prostheses. Quintessence Int 1985; 16: 39–42.
Misch C E . Dental Implant Prosthetics. 1st ed. Mosby: Elsevier, 1993.
Ford T G . The heat-activated solderless passivation (HASP) technique for correcting nonpassivefitting bars without soldering. Implant Dent 2002; 12: 11–17.
Swallow S T . Technique for achieving a passive framework fit: a clinical case report. J Oral Implantol 2004; 30: 83–92.
Wee A G, Aquilino S A, Schneider R L . Strategies to achieve fit in implant prosthodontics: a review of the literature. Int J Prosthodont 1999; 12: 167–178.
Romero G G, Engelmeier R, Powers J M, Canterbury A A . Accuracy of three corrective techniques for implant bar fabrication. J Prosthet Dent 2000; 84: 602–607.
Riedy S F, Lang B R, Lang B E . Fit of implant frameworks fabricated by different techniques. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78: 596–604.
Renouard F, Rangert B . Risk Factors in Implant Dentistry: Simplified Clinical Analysis for predictable treatment. Chicago: Quintessence, 1999.
Bhakta S, Vere J, Calder I, Patel R . Impressions in implant dentistry. Br Dent J 2011; 211: 361–367.
Timmerman R, Stoker G T, Wismeijer D, Oosterveld P, Vermeeren J I, van Waas M A . An eight-year follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of participant satisfaction with three types of mandibular implant-retained overdentures. J Dent Res 2004; 83: 630–633.
Allen PF, McMillan AS . A longitudinal study of quality of life outcomes in older adults requesting implant prostheses and complete removable dentures. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003; 14: 173–179.
Scala R, Cucchi A, Ghensi P, Vartolo F . Clinical evaluation of satisfaction in patients rehabilitated with an immediately loaded implant-supported prosthesis: a controlled prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2012; 27: 911–919.
Zembic A, Wismeijer D . Patient-reported outcomes of maxillary implant-supported overdentures compared with conventional dentures. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 25: 441–450.
Al-Zubeidi M I, Alsabeeha N H, Thomson W M, Payne A G . Patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with mandibular two-implant overdentures using different attachment systems: 5year outcomes. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 14: 696–707.
Sivaramakrishnan G, Sridharan K . Comparison of implant supported mandibular overdentures and conventional dentures on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Aust Dent J 2016 Feb 2.
Meijer H J, Raghoebar G M, Van't Hof M A, Geertman M E, Van Oort R P . Implant-retained mandibular overdentures compared with complete dentures; a 5years' follow-up study of clinical aspects and patient satisfaction. Clin Oral Implants Res 1999; 10: 238–244.
Allen P F, Thomason J M, Jepson N J, Nohl F, Smith D G, Ellis J . A randomized controlled trial of implant-retained mandibular overdentures. J Dent Res 2006; 85: 547–551.
Cune M, van Kampen F, van der Bilt A, Bosman F . Patient satisfaction and preference with magnet, bar-clip, and ball-socket retained mandibular implant overdentures: a cross-over clinical trial. Int J Prosthodont 2005; 18: 99–105.
Cune M, Burgers M, van Kampen F, de Putter C, van der Bilt A . Mandibular overdentures retained by two implants: 10-year results from a crossover clinical trial comparing ball-socket and bar-clip attachments. Int J Prosthodont 2010; 23: 310–317.
Ellis J S, Burawi G, Walls A, Thomason J M . Patient satisfaction with two designs of implant supported removable overdentures; ball attachment and magnets. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20: 1293–1298.
Krennmair G, Seemann R, Fazekas A, Ewers R, Piehslinger E . Patient Preference and Satisfaction with Implant-Supported Mandibular Overdentures Retained with Ball or Locator Attachments: A Crossover Clinical Trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2012; 27: 1560–1568.
Cordaro L, di Torresanto V M, Petricevic N, Jornet P R, Torsello F . Single unit attachments improve peri-implant soft tissue conditions in mandibular overdentures supported by four implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 24: 536–542.
Vere J, Hall D, Patel R, Wragg P . Prosthodontic maintenance requirements of implant-retained overdentures using the locator attachment system. Int J Prosthodont 2012; 25: 392–394.
Vere J W, Deans R F . Tooth-supported, magnet retained overdentures: a review. Dent Update 2009; 36: 305–310.
Preiskel H W, Preiskel A . Precision attachments for the 21st century. Dent Update 2009; 36: 221–227.
Davis DM, Packer ME . Mandibular overdentures stabilized by Astra Tech implants with either ball attachments or magnets: 5year results. Int J Prosthodont 1999; 12: 222–229.
Davis DM, Packer ME . The maintenance requirements of mandibular overdentures stabilized by Astra Tech implants using three different attachment mechanismsballs, magnets, and bars; 3year results. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2000; 8: 131–134.
Gotfredsen K, Holm B . Implant-supported mandibular overdentures retained with ball or bar attachments: a randomized prospective 5year study. Int J Prosthodont 2000; 13: 125–130.
Karabuda C, Yaltirik M, Bayraktar M . A clinical comparison of prosthetic complications of implant-supported overdentures with different attachment systems. Implant Dent 2008; 17: 74–81.
Kleis WK, Kämmerer PW, Hartmann S, Al-Nawas B, Wagner W . A comparison of three different attachment systems for mandibular two-implant overdentures: one-year report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2010; 12: 209–218.
Krennmair G, Krainhöfner M, Piehslinger E . Implant-supported maxillary overdentures retained with milled bars: maxillary anterior versus maxillary posterior concepta retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008; 23: 343–352.
Krennmair G, Seemann R, Weinländer M, Piehslinger E . Comparison of ball and telescopic crown attachments in implant-retained mandibular overdentures: a 5year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2011; 26: 598–606.
Naert I, Alsaadi G, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M . A 10-year randomized clinical trial on the influence of splinted and unsplinted oral implants retaining mandibular overdentures: peri-implant outcome. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004; 19: 695–702.
Walton J N, MacEntee M I, Glick N . One-year prosthetic outcomes with implant overdentures: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2002; 17: 391–398.
Zou D, Wu Y, Huang W, Wang F, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zhang Z . A 3 Year Prospective Clinical Study of Telescopic Crown, Bar, and Locator Attachments for Removable Four Implant-Supported Maxillary Overdentures. Int J Prosthodont 2013; 26: 566–573.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Refereed Paper
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Laverty, D., Green, D., Marrison, D. et al. Implant retention systems for implant-retained overdentures. Br Dent J 222, 347–359 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.215
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.215
This article is cited by
-
Single-visit chairside adjustment of a metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete dental prosthesis on an unloaded implant using a novel fixed attachment system: a case report
Journal of Medical Case Reports (2021)
-
The effectiveness of different attachment systems maxillary and mandibular implant overdentures
Evidence-Based Dentistry (2019)