Figure 1
From: TNF-α and TGF-β Counter-Regulate PD-L1 Expression on Monocytes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
PD-L1 levels correlated with TNF-α in remission and with TGF-β in patients with active disease.
(A) and (B) Levels of TNF-α and TGF-β detected in supernatants from PBMC cultured overnight without stimulation. Horizontal lines represent mean values. Cytokine levels between healthy controls and SLE patient groups were compared using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Significance was assigned where p<0.05; N.S., not significant. (C) PD-L1 protein levels on monocytes in the same culture was assayed by flow cytometry; TNF-α positively correlated with PD-L1 expression on monocytes in SLE patients in remission (dashed line). (D) TGF-β negatively correlated with PD-L1 protein in SLE patients with active disease (solid line). Correlations were analyzed by the Spearman's rank correlation test.
