Figure 1
Aggravation of mouse colitis by TW295, a specific strain of S. mutans.
(a) Intervention study design. Drinking water containing DSS was administered from days 0 to 15. Bacteria were intravenously injected on day 4. (b) Disease activity index (DAI) on DSS-induced colitis mice 6 days after administration of vehicle (Control), TW295, or MT8148. Each column represents the mean ± standard error (SEM) from 12–18 different animals. Statistical significance was determined using Bonferroni’s method after analysis of variance (ANOVA). * p < 0.05. (c) Time-course change of survival rate during the experimental period. Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out for statistics. TW295; p = 0.0134 versus control and MT8148; p = 0.9399 versus control, respectively. (d) Survival rate on day 15. Each column represents the mean from 12–18 different animals. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, respectively. (e) Typical appearance of the whole animal and the colon in control and TW295-infected mice on day 10. (f) Typical microscopic images of the colon in control and TW295-infected mice on day 10. Mucosal damage and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in TW295-infected mice. (g) & (h) Dose-dependent effects of TW295-mediated aggravation of colitis. (g) DAI on day 10 and (h) survival rate on day 15. A dose-dependent increase in DAI and decrease in survival rate were observed with TW295. Each column represents the mean from 12–18 different animals. Statistical significance was determined using Bonferroni’s method after ANOVA. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, respectively. (i) Route-dependent effects of TW295-mediated aggravation of colitis. TW295 was administered intravenously (i.v.) or orally (p.o.). Each column represents the mean from 12–18 different animals (*p < 0.05).
