Figure 3
Detecting early-warning signals for complex diseases.
Detecting early-warning signals for diseases from two sets of high-throughput experimental data for the lung injury with carbonyl chloride inhalation exposure, i.e., acute lung injury ((a), (b), (c) and (d)) and the hepatic lesion by chronic hepatitis B, i.e., HBV induced liver cancer ((e), (f), (g) and (h)). In each sampling period, there are 2–5 samples for gene expressions. (a) and (e) represent the mean SDs in the DNB (i.e., SDd in Eq.(2)), (b) and (f) are mean PCCs in the DNB (i.e., PCCd in Eq.(2)), (c) and (g) represent the PCCs between the DNB and other molecules (i.e., OPCCs, or PCCo in Eq.(2)) and (d) and (h) represent the composite index/in Eq.(2). The dotted green line indicates the period of the pre-disease state. Both cases demonstrate strong and significant early-warning signals before the diseases are eventually deteriorated. The results of these diseases show the effectiveness of our method to detect the early-warning signals using a small number of samples.
