Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Understanding the nature of “superhard graphite”

Figure 4

Snapshots taken from a representative graphite to W-carbon transformation pathway.

The buckling of graphene layers is initiated by (a)–(b) formation C–C contacts along [001]graphite in the form of finite size zigzag chains. Each zigzag chain facilitates the corrugation of graphene layers inducing the formation of (c)–(e) 5- and 7-membered rings transforming graphite into (f) W-carbon.

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