Figure 2

Nitric oxide mediated recovery is not species specific.

White leghorn (WL), Brown leghorn (BL) (HH 8) and Zebrafish (ZF) embryos (10 hpf) were treated with 40 μg thalidomide in case of chick embryos (n = 50 eggs) or 2 mg/ml thalidomide in case of zebrafish embryos (n = 20 fishes). SpNO (10 μM) was added after 30 min as described previously. In case of zebrafish spNO (10 μM) was added along with thalidomide in the water. Analysis of white and brown leghorn embryos at HH32 and zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf showed limb deformities and pectoral fin deformities respectively. In case of zebrafish (n = 20 fishes), the deformities were scored as presence or absence of the pectoral fins. (A) Plates are representative of whole embryos with limb deformities in thalidomide, spNO and thal+spNO. (A–D) represents deformities in the number of digits in the presence or absence of treatments. (E–H) represents wing deformities as visualized using a cartilage specific, alcian blue stain. (B) Representative images of treated or untreated zebrafish embryos after 72 hpf stained with alcian blue. The arrows indicate the presence or absence of pectoral fins in the zebrafish embryo. (C) Bar graphs represent the percentage of limb deformities present in control, thal, spNO and Thal+spNO treated White Leghorn (WL), Brown Leghorn (BL) and Zebra Fish (ZF) embryos. *p <0.01 vs control; #p< 0.01 vs Thal.