Figure 3

Electrical and mechanical characterizations of Aquivion/BMMI-Cl actuators.
(a) Nyquist Plot of Aquivion/BMMI-Cl at 25°C (crosses) and 105°C (filled dots), compared to Aquivion/EMI-Tf at 25°C (open squares). (b) Charge versus time of Aquivion/BMMI-Cl at 25°C and 105°C under 2.5 V step voltage. (c) Bending actuation of Aquivion/BMMI-Cl at 105°C under AC stimulus.