Figure 1

Cell death assay.
Annexin V/propidium iodide co-staining followed by flow cytometry analysis was performed after MDCK cells were exposed to various doses of COM crystals for 48-h. Percentage of total cell death = [(number of both apoptotic and necrotic cells/number of all cells) × 100%]. N = 3 independent experiments for each bar; * = P<0.05 vs. control.