Figure 2
Preparation and characterization of phage-based film materials.
The M13 phage with nanofiber-like structure and monodispersity was driven to form a film by liquid crystalline phase transitions at the arc-shaped air-liquid interface and electrostatic interaction between negatively charged phage nanofibers and positively charged polylysine substrate (a). The morphology and size of individual phage nanofibers before they were used to form a film were observed by TEM and AFM (b and c). The phage nanofibers were further assembled to form a phage-based film with a unique topography of ridge/groove nanostructure (d, bright field; e, SEM; f, AFM; the red arrows highlight the highly oriented self-assemblies of phage bundles).
