Figure 3
Deglacial records illustrating the rapid thinning of the Patagonian Ice Sheet at 47.1°S against warming and rising atmospheric CO2 in Antarctica, upwelling in the Southern Ocean and NGRIP ice core record22.
(a) Time-series of ice sheet volume and area during deglaciation from the optimum LGM extent at 23,500 through to 11,000 years driven by ELA re-scaled from the Vostok temperature reconstruction22 Periods of warming in Antarctica are highlighted in red, while the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) is highlighted in blue and the Younger Dryas (YD) is in grey. (b) Alkenone-based SST reconstruction from core MD07-3128 (53°S)28. (c) Accepted exposure ages for ice sheet stages, marking the changing volume and extent of the ice sheet in the Lago Pueyrredón basin and the Chacabuco Valley calculated with the independently derived NZ production rate16,19. (d) Opal flux from ocean cores TN057-13PC (51°S, 4°E) and NBP9802-6 (62°S, 169°W) as a proxy for upwelling in the Southern Ocean22. Opal flux and February SST are plotted on the published age model for TN057-13PC32. (e) February SST estimated by applying the modern analog technique30,31 to diatom species assemblages extracted from TN057-13PC33,34. (f) Ice isotope chronologies for the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and EPICA Draunning Maud Land (EDML) core (light and dark blue respectively) and North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) core (orange)35.
