Figure 3
From: Accelerated thermokarst formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Summary of continuous monitoring station data.
Measurement uncertainties in range to ice cliff, air temperature and ice cliff temperature are all smaller than marker size. Range, shortwave insolation and temperature are recorded at 15-minute intervals. Summed net radiation integrates the net radiation (upwelling and downwelling longwave and shortwave) plot with respect to time and reflects the total radiative energy balance of the ice cliff. Strongly negative energy balances during melting periods are inferred to result from specular reflection of longwave and shortwave radiation from the ice cliff during melting periods, which strongly increases radiation from the ice cliff42. M indicates regions of the range record when melting is inferred to have occurred. C represents an event interpreted to be due to calving. Vertical gray lines show the time of these events across plots. Temperature anomaly shows the difference between ice cliff temperature and air temperature (positive numbers indicate the ice cliff is warmer than the air). Air temperature data from 2011-8-24 05:15 to 2011-11-12 04:00 were extracted from an identical weather station located 4 km down-valley due to temperature data-drop-out at the ice cliff.
