Figure 4
From: An impedance-based integrated biosensor for suspended DNA characterization

Impedance measurements for PCR products.
(a) Six different PCR products with different lengths were prepared. (b) The sizes of the PCR products were validated by standard gel electrophoresis. A 2-log DNA ladder from New England BioLabs was used as a reference. The picture was colored using software to make it easier to interpret. (c) Cole-Cole plot showing that the impedance of each sample was dependent on the fragment length. (d) Sample impedance versus the stimulus frequency. (e) The measured impedance versus DNA length in base pairs at 10 kHz.