Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Surface Charges and Shell Crosslinks Each Play Significant Roles in Mediating Degradation, Biofouling, Cytotoxicity and Immunotoxicity for Polyphosphoester-based Nanoparticles

Figure 5

The number of induced cytokines following treatment of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages with PPE-micelles and SCKs of various surface charges (non-ionic, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic) and their degradation products at 5 μg/mL for 24 h.

The 23 measured cytokines were IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (P40), IL-12 (P70), IL-13, IL-17, Eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES and TNF-α.

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