Figure 5

Sample biasing scheme.
(a) Sample biasing waveform. (b) Basic principle of SPP-EFM local calibration for the first pixels of the A and B channels. The 8 values from the lift-mode EFM-phase trace and retrace channels are plotted vs. the applied bias and then fitted by using the previously described parabola. (c) Generation of the pixel (2,1) for A and B channels.